This paper deals with the questions of emergence and complex (mental and social) systems and with downward determination from the viewpoint of perspectival realism. These are issues concerning the foundations of the human sciences, generally speaking, and particularly psychology and sociology. A criterion is put forward, which distinguish metaphysicalfrom ontological (conceptual) problems, and the notions of complex, hierarchic system and causation that would be suitable for those that defend emergence and perspectivist foundations of the human sciences are discussed. Este artigo (...) trata das questões da emergência de sistemas complexos (mentais e sociais) e da determinação descendente do ponto de vista do realismo perspectivista. Essas são questões sobre os fundamentos das ciências humanas em geral e, em particular, da psicologia e da sociologia. É proposto um critério para distinguir problemas metafísicos de problemas ontológicos (ou conceituais), e são discutidas as noções de sistema complexo hierárquico e de causação que seriam adequadas para uma fundamentação emergentista e perspectivista das ciências humanas. (shrink)

Pour Auguste Comte, l’idée européenne ne servait plus à éclairer ni à modifier la marche des peuples vers ce stade final de l’Humanité qu’est l’état positif. Comte redéfinit l’Europe comme Occident, afin que le centre européen, au lieu d’être le quartier général d’un empire planétaire, soit un foyer spirituel de diffusion du progrès. L’article rappelle les contours sociologiques et les composantes politiques qui distinguent la République occidentale, avant de s’intéresser aux mesures concrètes que Comte envisagea pour instaurer l’occidentalité et restaurer (...) l’unité du genre humain, menacée par le colonialisme. (shrink)

Long known solely as fascism’s precursor, Joseph de Maistre re-emerges in this volume as a versatile thinker with a colossally diverse posterity whose continuing relevance in Europe is ensured by his theorization of the encounter between tradition and modernity.

El artículo es una creación en la que convergen las experiencias, indagaciones, discusiones suscitadas en los antecedentes y el desarrollo del Proyecto “Investigar, leer y escribir en la universidad:el docente investigador mediador y aprendices investigadores autónomos”, que identifica la problemática sobre la orientación de investigación formativa en pregrado, en la relación docencia-investigación; así, formula la pregunta directriz ¿Cómo orientar el proceso de investigación formativa en la formulación de proyectos de investigación? La propuesta recoge la experiencia docente e investigativa en lectura, (...) escritura, procesos de mediación y autorregulación. Además, reconoce la necesidad de articular los proyectos de investigación estudiantiles, planteados comotrabajos de grado, al sistema de investigación universitario. (shrink)

In this paper we look at a few of the most prominent ways of articulating Kant’s critical argument for Noumenal Ignorance — i.e., the claim that we cannot cognize or have knowledge of any substantive, synthetic truths about things-in-themselves — and then provide two different accounts of our own.

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene por objetivo demostrar que el multiculturalismo de recepción legal en Colombia trae implícita una forma restringida de la otredad desde la identidad étnica, que fija un paradigma de vida vivible y, al mismo tiempo, construye la idea de aislamiento del otro no esencial. La hipótesis de trabajo se propone evidenciar que en los debates constituyentes del noventa, la otredad aparece como un concepto presupuesto por el multiculturalismo, el cual simplifica las formas de aparecimiento del otro y (...) con ello fija un paradigma sobre la vida que importa, es decir, un tipo de biopolítica específica. Para desarrollar esta hipótesis, el documento se encarga, en primer lugar, de evidenciar que el multiculturalismo en Colombia es principalmente una recepción legal que delimita un tipo de otredad específica. En segundo lugar, se expone la configuración legal del paradigma del otro desde la identidad étnica y, finalmente, propone una crítica a dicho paradigma, desde la ampliación del concepto de cultura, así como de la perspectiva de campo y de vida vivible, valiéndose de los recursos teóricos en las obras de Stuart Hall y Roberto Esposito. ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to show that the multiculturalism of legal reception in Colombia implies a restricted form of otherness that comes from ethnic identity. This otherness sets a livable life paradigm and, at the same time, builds the idea of isolation from the non-essential other. The main hypothesis is that in the constituent debates of the nineties, otherness appears as a concept presupposed by multiculturalism that simplifies the forms of appearance of the other and with it sets a paradigm of life that matters, that is, a specific type of biopolitics. In order to develop this hypothesis, first the document will show that multiculturalism in Colombia has mainly had a legal reception, which delimits a specific type of otherness. Second, it explains the legal configuration of the other's paradigm from ethnic identity. Finally, it proposes a critique of this paradigm, from an enlarged concept of culture, as well as from the perspective of field and livable life, using theoretical resources in the works of Stuart Hall and Roberto Esposito. (shrink)

A inicios del siglo XX, Albert Einstein y Hendrik Lorentz produjeron explicaciones diferentes acerca de los mismos fenómenos. Sin embargo, rápidamente se produjo un consenso, en favor de Einstein, que ha sido difícil de comprender para historiadores y filósofos de la ciencia. La literatura reciente explica ese éxito señalando conflictos entre algunas ideas de Lorentz y la temprana física cuántica. Sin negar que esos factores pudieron contribuir en la aceptación de la relatividad especial, propongo una explicación complementaria en la que (...) atribuyo el éxito de Einstein al uso de la estabilidad de la medición de la velocidad de la luz. (shrink)

"What does it really mean to "be undocumented," particularly in the contemporary United States? Political philosophers, policymakers and others often define the term "undocumented migrant" legalistically-that is, in terms of lacking legal authorization to live and work in one's current country of residence. Socially Undocumented: Identity and Immigration Justice challenges such a pure "legalistic understanding" by arguing that being undocumented should not always be conceptualized along such lines. To be socially undocumented, it argues, is to possess a real, visible, and (...) embodied social identity that does not always track one's actual legal status in the United States. By integrating a descriptive/phenomenological account of socially undocumented identity with a normative/political account of how the oppression with which it is associated ought to be dealt with as a matter of social justice, this book offers a new vision of immigration ethics. It addresses concrete ethical challenges associated with immigration, such as the question of whether open borders are morally required, the militarization of the Mexico-U.S. border, the perilous journey that many Mexican and Central American migrants undertake to get to the United States, the difficult experiences of many socially undocumented women who cross U.S. borders to seek prenatal care while visibly pregnant, and more"--. (shrink)

O jogo é entendido enquanto um fenômeno complexo, em que a ação do jogador se caracteriza pela eticidade, uma vez que, além de expressar sua subjetividade, visa à boa vida (no caso do jogo, o prazer e a vitória). Assim, o caráter ético da ação do jogador se constitui em um ambiente de jogo, local que a imprevisibilidade, a dinâmica e as novas organizações estão presentes. Dessa maneira, faz parte da função do jogador compreender o ambiente em que ele se (...) encontra, ou seja, entender como as organizações do jogo ocorrem. De modo semelhante, o conceito chamado de “absurdo”, criado por Albert Camus, filósofo franco-argelino, assemelha-se a essa demanda do entendimento do meio em que se vive, ao exaltar a tomada de consciência. Como consequência, segundo ele, o único movimento possível, posterior à compreensão do absurdo é a revolta, ação pautada na expressão do sujeito, com vistas à justiça, à coletividade e à unidade, baseando-se em limites que não devem ser ultrapassados. A partir disso, portanto, pensa-se na possibilidade de entender o jogador enquanto um homem revoltado no jogo, buscando, dada a identificação do meio em que se está, o sucesso de sua equipe, através de suas ações. (shrink)

Throughout history, schools of economic thought have defined political economy—or economics—and its object of study in multiple ways. This paper reflects on the definitions of economics by schools of economic thought and also proposes the concepts of value and scarcity as key concepts to explain the differences between them. The most important findings of the paper are: (a) the ontological and epistemological characteristics of the concept of value and scarcity have shaped the definitions of economics; (b) the boundaries of the (...) study object of economics have been expanded since today’s mainstream economics deals with multiple topics as diverse as crime, education, development, health, etc. However, the methodological tools used in mainstream economics have been narrowed since approaches such as the philosophical, ethical, historical, and institutional approaches have been left behind; (c) the part of reality that mainstream economics can grasp have left behind important issues of the contemporary world, such as gender, social, and environmental issues. A clear understanding of the scope and boundaries of economics could help to define more realistic research questions for economic science, and it would help to define new economic paradigms that address the contemporary issues. (shrink)

_ _ El objetivo del presente artículo de reflexión, es mostrar cómo en la obra de la norteamericana Judith Butler se ponen en tensión los presupuestos del _sujeto_ de la tradición liberal para la asignación de reconocimiento, permitiendo consolidar un puente desde su postura crítica a otras formas de aparecimiento de la otredad, que amplíen este concepto y que permitan apropiarse del viaje como recurso para su reconfiguración Palabras clave: reconocimiento, Judith Butler, otredad, viajes, outsider.

RESUMENEste artículo constituye un estudio sobre el concepto de la intuición en el pensamiento de Ortega y Gasset, referido a los tres órdenes de “cosas” en los que es requerida como forma de conocimiento: intuición sensible, intuición de valores e intuición del prójimo. Como intuición sensible se analiza la diversidad de significados presentes en su obra, así como una determinación genérica de dicho concepto, en conexión con el “yo ejecutivo”, que sirve de base para determinar los niveles en el proceso (...) perceptivo, y los modos de relación del hombre con las “cosas”. En la intuición de valores, e intuición del prójimo, se determina que el planteamiento “superador” de Ortega es desplegado desde una inicial adscripción al pensamiento de Scheler, hasta posiciones más personales, que le llevan a proponer una problemática facultad “estimativa”, mediante la cual “asimila” la intuición de valores, o la “perspicacia”, y la “experiencia” como intuición del prójimo.PALABRAS CLAVEINTUICION – VALORES – PERCEPCION – ALTERIDADABSTRACTThe paper deals with the concept of intuition in Ortega y Gasset’s thought, where its reference to “things” reveals it as a form of cognition: sensible, intuition, value intuition and intuition of the other. In the first case, the different meanings of sensible intuition will be discussed and its very concept, as connecetd with the “yo ejecutivo”, wich is the base to determining the levels of the perception process and the ways man deals with “things”. Concerning the issues of value intuition and intuition of the other, from an initial assumption of Scheler’s thesis, Ortega moves on to advance a problematical “estimative” faculty, under wich value intuition, or “sharpeness”, and “experience” as intuition of the other are “assimilated”.KEYWORDSINTUITION – VALUES – PERCEPTION – OTHERNESS. (shrink)

El presente texto contiene los resultados de una revisión bibliográfica realizada con el objetivo de establecer la importancia de desarrollar competencias emocionales durante el proceso de formación de los profesionales de la salud, especialmente del área de odontología, atendiendo a que la especialidad está registrada como una de las profesiones más estresantes, situación que podría originarse durante el proceso educativo, ya que sus alumnos experimentan altos niveles de ansiedad o estrés durante su formación. Se entiende por competencia emocional el conjunto (...) de conocimientos, capacidades, habilidades y actitudes necesarias para comprender, expresar y regular los fenómenos emocionales. Como conclusión, esta revisión permitió demostrar como la inclusión de estas competencias en el plan de estudios repercutiría significativamente en el bienestar psicológico de estos estudiantes. This paper contains the results of a bibliographical review which was carried out aiming at establishing the importance of developing emotional competence in health professionals' training, especially on the dentistry area; providing that this specialty is one of the most stressful. The educational process might be at the root of this situation, since students experience high levels of anxiety or stress during their training. Emotional competence is understood as the group of knowledge, abilities and attitudes needed to understand, express and regulate emotional phenomena. In conclusion, this review enabled to demonstrate how the inclusion of emotional competence in dentistry major's syllabus would have an influence on student's psychological well-being. (shrink)

RESUMEN Las concepciones de salud mental son variadas y se han ido sucediendo de manera que cada una ha ido aportando nuevos matices a las anteriores, generando una nueva visión cada vez, donde las necesidades de la propia sociedad, han ido conformando una conceptualización de la salud mental de acuerdo con el contexto histórico, la disciplina y su modelación según las exigencias y particularidades de la sociedad y la cultura vigentes. Por consiguiente, se hace necesario replantear los conceptos desde los (...) que se interpreta la idea de salud mental, si guardan o no relación con definiciones universales o a concepciones construidas a partir de los diferentes planteamientos de salud-enfermedad. En consecuencia, es importante el aporte que se puede realizar desde la investigación para llegar a una construcción del concepto de Salud Mental que considere la multidisciplinariedad. Bajo esta perspectiva, se contextualiza el concepto de salud mental desde lo multidisciplinario. ABSTRACT There are several mental health conceptions which have been followed by others in such a way that each one of them has contributed to the previous ones, generating a different view each time, where the needs of society itself have made a conceptualization of mental health according to the historical context, discipline and model according to the requirements and particular features of society and the current culture. Therefore, it’s necessary to rethink the concepts from which the idea of mental health is interpreted, if it’s related to universal definitions or not, or to conceptions made from different approaches on health-disease. As a result, the contributions that can be made from research to achieve the construction of a multidisciplinary Mental Health concept are important. From this perspective, the concept of mental health is contextualized from a multidisciplinary point of view. (shrink)

RESUMEN Introducción: Son escasos los servicios en salud mental dentro del contexto escolar que permitan una integración intersectorial para superar la brecha de falta de asistencia en salud mental en la población infanto - juvenil, aun cuando, es en la escuela donde se detectan mayoritariamente los problemas de salud mental. Objetivo: Comentar el uso de servicios de salud mental en el ambiente escolar en relación con los trastornos mentales y trastornos subumbrales. Método: El presente resultado se obtiene a partir del (...) “Estudio de Prevalencia Comunitaria de Trastornos Psiquiátricos y Utilización de Servicios de la Población Infanto-Juvenil Chilena”. La muestra estuvo representada por sujetos entre 4 y 18 años. La información sobre el uso de servicio de salud mental se recogió con una versión modificada de la Escala Service Assesment for Children and Adolescent. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logística para analizar cinco áreas del uso de servicios en el ambiente escolar, las cuales se correlacionaron con diagnósticos de trastorno mentales y trastorno subumbral de ansiedad, disruptivo y depresión en el último año. Resultados: Las escuelas se enfrentan a grandes desafíos sobre cómo proporcionar apoyo efectivo de salud mental para los estudiantes, que presentan algún tipo de trastorno mental o trastorno subumbral. Discussión: Las instituciones educativas requieren ser visualizadas como una entidad que podría satisfacer las necesidades que se advierten de manera urgente en atención, prevención y promoción de problemas mentales en la población infanto- juvenil, si se vinculan de forma más directa con los servicios de salud mental. ABSTRACT Introduction: Mental health services are scarce within the school context that allow intersectoral integration to overcome the gap in mental health care in the child and adolescent population, being the school where mental health problems are mostly detected. Objective: to know the use of mental health services in the school environment in relation to mental disorders and subthreshold disorders. Method: The present secondary study is carried out from the "Study of Community Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders and Utilization of Services of the Chilean Child-Youth Population". The sample was represented by subjects between 4 and 18 years old. Information on the use of mental health service was collected with a modified version of the Service Assessment Scale for Children and Adolescents. A logistic regression model was performed to analyze five areas of the use of services in the school environment, which were correlated with diagnoses of mental disorders and subthreshold anxiety, disruptive and depression disorder in the last year. Results: Schools face great challenges on how to provide effective mental health support for students, who present some type of mental disorder or subthreshold disorder. Discusion: Educational institutions need to be visualized as an entity that could meet the needs that are urgently noticed in attention, prevention and promotion of mental problems in the child and adolescent population, if it is linked more directly with health services. (shrink)

El propósito de este escrito es estudiar las investigaciones de Danilo Cruz Vélez sobre el nihilismo nietzscheano en relación con la metafísica. Para la consecución de este objetivo, se requieren parámetros para la comparación entre los trabajos y escritos del pensador colombiano con los estudios e investigaciones de Martin Heidegger, con el fin de establecer los nexos e influencias del pensador alemán en nuestro eximio filósofo colombiano. Lo anterior nos permite concluir, con la autoridad y el rigor de los textos (...) mismos, que las tesis de Cruz Vélez a este respecto no son más que la traducción del alemán al español de los estudios de Heidegger sobre Nietzsche, cosa que se produce como consecuencia de los seminarios impartidos por Heidegger en la universidad de Friburgo, a los cuales asistió Danilo Cruz Vélez en calidad de estudiante. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Dictionary of Scripture and Ethics ed. by Joel B. GreenTimothy J. SandovalDictionary of Scripture and Ethics Edited by Joel B. Green grand rapids, mi: baker academic, 2011. 912 pp. $60.00.An important addition to the scholarly literature that relates the Bible and ethics, the Dictionary of Scripture and Ethics (DSE) stands as a marker of how far that scholarly enterprise has come in the last forty years. As the (...) volume’s editor notes, if a generation ago James Gustafson lamented the paucity of efforts to link scripture and ethics, this is no longer the case in either ethics or biblical studies (1).DSE (to which I contributed one entry) is comprehensive, containing entries on a range of ethical topics and every biblical book. The volume includes an introduction delineating the organizational principles of the dictionary and three fine essays sketching the ethical shape of scripture, the history of relating scripture to ethics, and methodological issues in this endeavor. Published by a Christian press with entries betraying a mix of conservative (Catholic, evangelical) and liberal perspectives, DSE is oriented toward Christian scripture and Christian ethics. This is no criticism but an observation about DSE’s scope in relation to its title (21).In its approximately nine hundred pages, DSE contains some entries on ethical topics that barely allude to the biblical tradition while other entries on biblical material read not much differently from a standard Bible dictionary entry. Yet most articles on topics in ethics helpfully point to key biblical texts associated with the topic. Many others also deftly relate the history of thinking on an ethical issue and its biblical foundations. Most entries on the Bible likewise successfully sketch how biblical texts explore moral matters, and these articles regularly point out ethical “problems” that many biblical texts evoke for contemporary readers (e.g., concerning nationalism, violence, sexuality, and the like).Those of us in biblical studies who seek to articulate what Hans Frei called the “abiding significance” of the Bible sometimes falter in this effort, offering [End Page 222] stale, strained, or canned ideas about what passage X or Y “might mean for us today.” We falter, perhaps, because we have been deeply formed by the historical-critical study of the Bible. We thus often lack a vocabulary and logic, a different sort of discourse that does not merely translate into ethical and theological terms the exegetical findings we arrive at as classically trained biblical scholars but also engages in a quite different sort of exegetical work. In particular, the entries in DSE that treat broader topics in ethics will expose biblical scholars to different modes of relating critically to the texts than we are accustomed to. DSE will thus prove particularly useful for those of us who wish to explore and cultivate an exegetical practice as well as an identity as exegetes that is distinct from what emerges when we apply the historical and other critical tools that our training has bequeathed us (33).Ethicists can be assured that the entries on the Bible reliably sketch basic, current discussions in biblical studies although inevitably specialists will quibble over details and occasionally over broader issues—something the editor notes happens even between entries within DSE (2). As one of those quibbling specialists, I hoped to find an entry on “hermeneutics” or “biblical hermeneutics” in a volume so concerned with biblical interpretation, though a number of articles do, more or less, address such issues. I must leave it to ethicists to discern the quality and consistency of DSE entries on ethics.In short, DSE may offer only a first step for students and scholars seeking to relate scripture and ethics, but it is an important step.Timothy J. SandovalBrite Divinity SchoolCopyright © 2016 Society of Christian Ethics... (shrink)

In this essay I explore how travel and border-crossing for abortion care constitutes a challenge to methodological nationalism, which serves to obscure such experiences from view. Drawing up field research conducted at two abortion clinics in Albuquerque, New Mexico, I also explore some implications of regarding pregnant people who travel for abortion care as a type of migrant, even if they are U.S. citizens and legal residents. Finally, I assess how this discursive shift can make important contributions to pandemic and (...) migration ethics. (shrink)

This paper shows a full description of Spanish inflectional morphology. We have chosen a paradigmatic approach instead of one based on phonological/spelling changes, i.e., the typical two-level model. Such morphological description has been written in the DATR formalism. The result is a network of nodes that makes use of the information inheritance mechanisms – orthogonal node inheritance and default path inheritance – that DATR allows. Some lexical coverage and corpus occurrence figures that support our approach are also given.

Journal of Social Philosophy, Volume 53, Issue 3, Page 296-316, Fall 2022.

All geopolitical change represents the creation of a new order and this entails the alteration of the spatial conditions and, therefore, the modification of the way of understanding borders. Carl Schmitt, especially in his last stage, aimed at delineating a new international configuration made up of large spaces (Grossräume), once the time of sovereignties typical of the Ius publicum europaeum was over. The goal of this study is to analizy to which extent and how Schmitt 's analytical tools around borders (...) can be useful to understand the current state of globalization. Todo cambio geopolítico representa la creación de un nuevo orden y ello conlleva la alteración de las condiciones espaciales y, por tanto, la modificación de la manera de entender las fronteras. Carl Schmitt, especialmente en su última etapa, apuntó al delineamiento de una nueva configuración internacional conformada por grandes espacios (Grossräume), una vez que el tiempo de las soberanías propias del Ius publicum europaeum había terminado. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar hasta qué punto y de qué manera las herramientas analíticas de Schmitt en torno a las fronteras pueden ser útiles para comprender el estado actual de la globalización. (shrink)

In this paper, I argue that deportations often serve as “theaters of inequality” that reinforce the unjust, widely held perception that Latina/os and Latin Americans do not belong in the United States and can therefore be treated as inferiors. My analysis focuses on the United States but is intended to be applicable to other states and contexts. Working within a relational egalitarian framework, I argue that in those cases where deportations constitute theaters of inequality, they are unjust and prima facie (...) impermissible. (shrink)

Recent studies have problematized on the lack of agreement between self-reported and proxied data in the field of road safety-related behaviors. Overall, and although these studies are still scarce, most of them suggest that the way we perceive our own road behavior is systematically different from the perspective from which we perceive others' behavior, and vice versa. The aim of this review paper was to target the number and type of studies that have researched the behavioral perceptions of different groups (...) of road users, contrasting self-reported behavioral data with those reported by other users, and their outcomes. This systematic review followed the PRISMA methodology, which allows for the identification of relevant articles based on the research term. A total number of 222 indexed articles were filtered, and a final selection of 19 articles directly addressing the issue was obtained. Search strategies were developed and conducted in MEDLINE, WOS, Scopus and APA databases. It is remarkable how road users perceive themselves as behaviorally “safer” than the rest of road users in what concerns the knowledge of traffic norms and their on-road performance. In addition, and regardless of the type of user used as a source, self-reported data suggest their perceived likelihood to suffer a traffic crash is lesser if compared to any other user. On the other hand, proxied reports tend to undervalue third users' performance, and to perceive riskier behaviors and crash-related risks among them. The outputs of this systematic review support the idea that the perception of road users' behavior and its related risks substantially differ according to the source. It is also necessary to increase the number, coverage and rigor of studies on this matter, perhaps through complementary and mixed measures, in order to properly understand and face the bias on road users' risk-related behaviors. (shrink)

Este artículo plantea un análisis de las transformaciones en el mundo del trabajo que ha traído consigo el modo de producción post-fordista, avivadas por la crisis global del capitalismo, así como por las consecuencias para el empleo y la productividad de la población joven de América Latina. El hecho de que sean la cognición, el lenguaje y la comunicación los más poderosos focos de la producción inmaterial que hoy reconfiguran el paisaje de estas sociedades en tránsito, hace de los jóvenes (...) un sector rápidamente incorporado a los cambios, duramente golpeados por el desbarajuste de la economía de mercado y, a la vez, sujetos de la apertura a nuevas formas de economía social. La capacidad creativa propia de las subjetividades juveniles les asigna un lugar de exploración de los nuevos mundos productivos en donde el desarrollo ya no está referido a procesos económicos, sino a la configuración de nuevas formas de vida. (shrink)

El autor realza esta opción de vida que han tomado poblaciones enteras cercadas por la violencia y el terror levantada por los poderes armados. Ahonda en el debate sobre la resistencia civil desde la perspectiva de la noviolencia, y de la riqueza de las minorías invisibles en su acción social liberadora. Con ello se replantea el tema del poder y se promueve la autonomía, la afectividad y la reconstrucción del tejido social afirmativo de la vida como fuerza creadora.